Application of Auditing Theory and Practice

Evaluating is a piece of authoritative administration, it is clarified as the way toward inspecting the money related reports of a business endeavor as introduced in the business yearly reports, a free individual or an association plays out the review procedure. The movement and advancement of hierarchical execution is cultivated by leading review and understanding the inspecting hypothesis and related practices (Arens, et al., 2012). Evaluating is additionally laid out as the fundamental and fair-minded assessment of associations books of records, legal data, reports and vouchers of an association to envision how some separation the monetary proclamations further to non-financial exposures present real and reasonable perspective on the business enterprise (Eilifsen, et al., 2013). Reviewing and consistence rehearses attempt guarantee that the authoritative budgetary books are viably kept up as required by the universal examining standard board, and on the off chance that they ar e kept up under the guideline gave by the current laws. Examining freedom is sketched out as the autonomy of the outside and interior evaluator from different gatherings and people who may have monetary and money related enthusiasm for the business undertaking that is being inspected. As indicated by Arens, Elder, and Mark 2012, the examiners indepence requires respectability and fundamental review measure to the inspecting methods. The examination uncovers that, a few components may influence the honesty and evaluating measures and procedure of an auditor (Arens, et al., 2012). Then again, the reviewers respectability is additionally influenced by the business hazard, these hazard impact the decisional making procedure of inspectors and top hierarchical administration. In any case, examining rehearses propel the inspector to place into activities and measures which may be urgent even as playing out the practices. Evaluating arranging is the vital administration degree for examining, it completed toward the start of the review procedure this is to ensure that the right consideration is matured to significant regions, to sure that the limit issues are instantly distinguished and feasible arrangements are produced to reduce the impact (Elder, et al., 2011). The primary motivation behind empowering the review arranging is to guarantee that all the review work are completely completed and composed. Clarke and Johnson (CJI) is a review organization this is recognized for demonstrating the top notch administrations in the review business venture; Luxury Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) is business endeavor that gives travel administration. The two partnerships have thought about the significance of market division and enhancing their venture activity a long way from their close by advertise. Clarke and Johnson (CJI) Company is reconnected by Luxury Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) to offer review benefits before presenting their 30 June 2015 money related report to the partners. The elements influencing the uprightness and reviewing approach utilized by the inspectors could influence dynamic process (Gay and Simnett, 2000). Qualified and non-qualified review assessment is the significant ideas that are utilized to draft the review report. This is an essential factor influencing the freedom and the choices to be reached by an auditor.â The size if the review firm infers the size of the business endeavor to be inspected and the specific evaluating firm. As indicated by this contextual analysis, Clarke and Johnson (CJI) Company is a review firm that has been giving review administrations to little market the organization is additionally to offer its types of assistance to Luxury Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) that plays out its business exercises in Asia, Europe and U.S advertise. The bigger the review firm the lesser the effect of hindrances, the littler the review organization there will be more factors that will influence the autonomy of the review company (Eilifsen, et al., 2001). This is among the risky dangers which may the freedom of the review organization. The prompting danger infers that, a few partners may have the monetary and money related enthusiasm for the organization to be examined. As indicated by the contextual investigation, Clarke and Johnson (CJI) Company and Luxury Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) have been teaming up for quite a long time this could assemble some enthusiasm between themselves (Jackson, 2016). Along these lines, the reviewer is constrained to introduce review supposition that favors the partner who has financial and business intrigue. The dangers in regards to the referrals from the client impacts the autonomy of a reviewer. Clarke and Johnson (CJI) Company is a review firm that has been offering review administrations to Luxury Travel Holidays LTD (LTH); Luxury Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) may make numerous referrals to the examiner, and hence influencing the review procedure and of the Clarke and Johnson (CJI) Company. The authoritative control excessively affects the review supposition to be made with the guide of the utilization of the inspector, the hierarchical zenith should influence this scrutinizes in see that they may constrain the examiner to use the referrals made. Extravagance Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) and Clarke and Johnson (CJI) Company had been partaking for over one years. Extravagance Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) might need to allude the bookkeeping office to make acclimations to organization book of records, those progressions and modification made are should influence the discoveries of the examiner and consequently the review autonomy is naturally influenced. The accomplishment of each working business association is dictated by the degree and how the organization is engaged with the review rehearses. The autonomy of the examiners ought not be impact since they force some negative impacts to the discoveries that are utilized as the premise of the review assessment which is the essential component of review report. The size of the firm is classifications to be the danger that influences the inspector freedom, the authoritative administration of Luxury Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) ought to consider the size of the firm that will play out the review rehearses. Thus, Clarke and Johnson (CJI) Company ought to guarantee that they make and actualize approaches that will restrain dangers influencing their freedom. Prompting dangers is a deadly part that impacts the autonomy of an examiner. The significant review feeling to be used by an evaluator should be founded absolutely on the quick discoveries. The reviewers are supported not to give any monetary or money related advised to their customers in light of the fact that their discoveries after the suggestion will affect the review opinion (Knechel and Salterio, 2016). Different referrals could likewise influence the reviewer's sentiment. As indicated by the contextual investigation both business undertakings have been doing business for various years, Luxury Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) could make referrals to the account division to make the change in accordance with certain vouchers and reports, this is to introduce the enthusiasm of some administration people. Customers are exhorted not to make any referrals to any offices, the specific finding of the inspector depicts that the association needs to execute on some relevant measures. As per Gay, and Simnett, 2000, review arranging is key control measure for inspecting, it led toward the start of the review methodology this is to ensure that the correct intrigue is matured to fundamental hierarchical regions. This is to learn that the potential issues are instantly perceived and practical arrangement are produced to diminish their effect, to ensure that all evaluating work is finished and composed. While creating and making the review rehearses, there are a few components that may influence the inspecting procedures (Lyon and Maher, 2005). Clarke and Johnson Company and Luxury Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) are currently contemplated to work in new markets. New markets are limited and guided by methods for business laws and guidelines which are outperformed through the bureaucratic governments (Knechel and Salterio, 2016). Thusly, the associations that work outside their close by showcase are influenced by the lawful procedures that are utilized to direct the business endeavors with regards to their business exercises. U.S Common Laws are the instances of the business law that are utilized to direct association business exercises U.S and European market (Johnstone, 2000). Financial danger is the essential outer ecological factor that impacts the activities business company in worldwide markets. They consolidate components, for example, GDP and one of a kind nation money related improvement cites. A few markets are influenced by down-tuning financial turns of events, monetary standards additionally influence the exercises of a business association. For example, U.S cash is an all inclusive acknowledged money, it is utilized in the worldwide market for the trading of merchandise and services (Sadgrove, 2016). As indicated by Jackson 2016, the declining in item request is a showcasing factor starting secondary selling division and expansion. Working in an extended commercial center spot make a space for additional companies to make items and administrations which take after the ones created by utilizing the current organizations (Jackson, 2016). Organizations working in the more extensive market are supported to guarantee that they produce quality items and administrations that meet the serious market they work in. As indicated by Johnstone 2000, money related risks chance contains those fiscal angles that stand up in light of absence of financial administration methods and measures. The monetary overall commercial center has encountered numerous issues that have influenced the activity of business venture organizations, chiefly Crampton and Hasaad and Mining Supplies LTD (MSL) corporations (Johnstone, 2000). The exploration led by Knechel 2007 presumed that the money related adds to the monetary disappointments of an organization that works internationally (Knechel and Salterio, 2016). Characteristic review hazard is the hazard that includes the material misquote in the budget summary of an inst

Humanistic personality Essay Example For Students

Humanistic character Essay The humanistic point of view on character manages human conduct. Humanistic therapists accept that human instinct incorporates a characteristic drive towards self-improvement, that people have the opportunity to pick what they do paying little heed to natural variables, and people are for the most part cognizant creatures and are not constrained by oblivious needs and clashes. They likewise accept that a people emotional perspective on the world is a higher priority than target reality. Two of the humanistic scholars that have had an effect of humanism are Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. When pondering my character with respect to various character hypotheses, I felt that I could most identify with the humanistic hypothesis. Carl Rogers depicted self-idea as an assortment of convictions around ones own temperament, one of a kind characteristics and regular conduct. My self-idea is that Im a nice, decent person. On the off chance that something happens that upsets me, I am really laid back about it and manage it step by step. I like the way that Im agreeable, and I dont need to out of nowhere begin demonstrating a temper or blowing up about things that I realize I can move beyond tranquilly. Rogers additionally focused on the way that our self-idea may not generally be precise. I like to imagine that Im an astute human, yet when others see my transcript, for instance, they may suspect something. In any case, then again, when I am in a circumstance that I know a great deal about, such as chasing, another might think I am exceptionally insightful. Others sees are not generally reliable with regards to my character, yet I feel that my self-idea of myself is significant, not anothers. I was blessed to have guardians that Rogers would state indicated me unqualified love. Along these lines, I feel that I can move beyond snags and unpleasant occasions since I realize that I am deserving of adoration, in any case. I additionally I concur that encounters that compromise people groups perspectives on themselves cause uneasiness. On the off chance that I feel that I am doing acceptable in a class and feel like Ive been trying sincerely and thinking carefully potential and afterward I get a bombing grade on a test or task, I feel restless. I felt that I was doing acceptable, and now I dont comprehend what to think. My self-idea is undermined. A characteristic guard is at fault the instructor, or the test, or rationalize myself since I dont like to have my self-idea undermined. Abraham Maslow portrayed the chain of importance of requirements as a precise game plan of necessities, as indicated by need, in which fundamental needs should be met before less essential needs are excited. The most essential needs are physiological requirements that one must have so as to survive.Then you need wellbeing and security. On the off chance that these requirements are not met, you dont go on to belongingness and adore needs. Also, without belongingness and love, you wont have a high confidence, which is the following level. This chain of importance goes up until you arrive at the requirement for self-completion. This is the need to satisfy your latent capacity. Maslow depicted this as What a man can be, he should be. I imagine this applies to myself. In the event that I get my last grades and they are lower than what I expected, I am disappointed. I am baffled since I realize that I could have improved however I didnt. I accept that I have a solid character as per Maslow. I think I am a self-realizing individual since I like to keep on developing by and by. A portion of the qualities of my character that I think make me a self-completing individual are that I have a quite practical view of myself. I realize that I am keen, yet I additionally realize that I dont consistently put forth a concentrated effort like I can. I realize that I am agreeable, and I realize that occasionally circumstances require somewhat more decisiveness than I might want to appear. I am a straightforward individual that is unconstrained now and again. .ua91bf77248ef7a188d7544780e1f2fd9 , .ua91bf77248ef7a188d7544780e1f2fd9 .postImageUrl , .ua91bf77248ef7a188d7544780e1f2fd9 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ua91bf77248ef7a188d7544780e1f2fd9 , .ua91bf77248ef7a188d7544780e1f2fd9:hover , .ua91bf77248ef7a188d7544780e1f2fd9:visited , .ua91bf77248ef7a188d7544780e1f2fd9:active { border:0!important; } .ua91bf77248ef7a188d7544780e1f2fd9 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ua91bf77248ef7a188d7544780e1f2fd9 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ua91bf77248ef7a188d7544780e1f2fd9:active , .ua91bf77248ef7a188d7544780e1f2fd9:hover { murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ua91bf77248ef7a188d7544780e1f2fd9 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ua91bf77248ef7a188d7544780e1f2fd9 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .ua91bf77248ef7a188d7544780e1f2fd9 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ua91bf77248ef7a188d7544780e1f2fd9 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua91bf77248ef7a188d7544780e1f2fd9:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ua91bf77248ef7a188d7544780e1f 2fd9 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ua91bf77248ef7a188d7544780e1f2fd9-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ua91bf77248ef7a188d7544780e1f2fd9:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Ideologies Essay I have interests that I like to seek after whenever I find the opportunity. There are times when I like to be around my companions, and there are times when I like to be separated from everyone else, so Im even. I have a couple of solid companionships, yet not very numerous to manage. I imagine that I am an intellectually even sound individual, and that Maslow would portray me as a self-realizing individual. Words/Pages : 771/24

Math free essay sample

Toward the finish of every unit, DB interest will be evaluated dependent on both degree of commitment and the nature of the commitment to the conversation. At the very least, every understudy will be relied upon to post a unique and mindful reaction to the DB address and add to the week after week exchange by reacting to in any event two different posts from understudies. The primary commitment must be posted before 12 PM (Central Time) on Wednesday of every week. We will compose a custom exposition test on Math or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Two extra reactions are required after Wednesday of every week. Understudies are exceptionally urged to connect on the Discussion Board early and frequently, as that is the essential way the college tracks class participation and interest. The motivation behind the Discussion Board is to permit understudies to learn through sharing thoughts and encounters as they identify with course content and the DB question. Since it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to participate in two-manner exchange after a discussion has finished, no presents on the DB will be acknowledged after the finish of every week. A grandma is searching for an arrangement to back her new grandchild’s school training. She has $50,000 to contribute. Search the web and find a long-extend speculation plan, CD, Savings Bond, and so on, for the grandma. The arrangement is to procure accumulated dividends. Ascertain the future estimation of the venture. You should utilize the publicized financing cost, the quantity of aggravating periods every year, and the time the assets will be contributed. On the off chance that you are not given the quantity of aggravating periods a year, make it up. 1. The chief is $50,000. This is P. 2. Research the yearly loan cost for your venture. This is r. 3. Express the time in years for the venture (as in when the new grandkid will go to school). This is t. 4. Express the quantity of exacerbating periods every year. This is n. 5. Model the future estimation of Grandma’s venture as an exponential capacity, with time as the free factor: F(t) = P(1 + r/n) nt 6. Express the future estimation of Grandma’s speculation. 7. Utilize the web or library assets to locate the normal expense of an advanced degree today; will grandma’s speculation have the option to take care of the expense in today’s dollars; shouldn't something be said about later on? 8. Sum up your discoveries recorded as a hard copy utilizing legitimate style and sentence structure. 9. Incorporate references designed by APA style. 10. React to a classmate’s posting. On the off chance that you think there might be a blunder, don't hesitate to help your colleague without giving the right answer. Something else, examine the post in contrast with yours or add new data to the conversation. In your own words, if you don't mind present a reaction on the Discussion Board and remark on different postings. You will be reviewed on the nature of your postings. For help with your task, if you don't mind utilize your content, Web assets, and all course materials. | Math free article test On the off chance that for instance the digits | |drawn are 3,6,1 and 2, make a duplication test, for example, 36 X 12 and inquire as to whether any of the understudies realizes how to understand it. A few understudies may have a thought of how| |to illuminate it. Now, a few understudies may realize the calculation yet probably won't know about the Place Value. | |Tell understudies that the target of this class is increasing two-digit numbers and understanding Place Value in the calculation of whole numbers. | |Tell the understudies what the numerals in the two-digit numbers (36 and 12) speak to: 3 and 1 speak to tens, while 6 and 2 speak to ones. | |Demonstrate how a two-digit increase is done by duplicating multiple times ones, at that point multiple times tens and afterward including the items. For instance; | |3 | |6 | |x | |1 | |2 | |7 | |2 | |3 | |6 | |â | |4 | |3 | |2 | |Teacher Modeling | |The instructor will rehash a couple of models and request that volunteers clarify | |The educator will at that point compose three basic tests and two moderately complex tests in the graph. We will compose a custom article test on Math or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Each understudy ought to accurately do the straightforward tests while the| |complex tests will be done in gatherings. | |Quizzes to be done exclusively: | |3 | |6 | |4 | |7 | |5 | |0 | |x | |1 | |2 | |x | |1 | |2 | |x | |1 | |2 | | |Quizzes to be in gatherings: | |3 | |6 | |4 |7 | |x | |4 | |7 | |x | |5 | |0 | |Children’s Literature Selection | |McElligot, Matthew. (2009). The Lion’s Share. London: A C Black | |The educator will rehash the book, this time experiencing every increase contained in the story in detail. Occassionally, the educator may substitute the | |figures in the table with new figures to measure the comprehension of pulling together by the understudies. | |Guided Student Practice: | |The understudy will be furnished with pencils and papers on which to play out their calculations. Gatherings that have parformed well will be required to help bunches | |that are lingering behind. | |Independent Student Practice: Students who handle ideas quicker are appointed considerably all the more testing/complex tests. Understudies falling behind took care of | |individually by the instructor. |Closure: â€Å"In today’s class we have been encouraged how to duplicate two-digit numbers and have learnt, Value Place and pulling together of ones, tens, hundreds and | |thousands. † Students who have effectively finished test visit the site www. increase. com/ games and play interactactive increase games to strengthen | |knowledge obtaining. | Summative Assessment: | |Students allocated schoolwork of 5 generally increasingly complex duplication in the event that they effectively finished class assignments. Understudies right zones they have done | |wrongly in class assignments utilizing obvious markers. | |LESSON REFLECTION | |Describe the result of the exercise. | |There was an evident comprehension of the two-digit augmentation ideas; refocusing of ones into tens and tens into hundreds. | |Describe understudy execution and express the quantity of understudies who accomplished the target on the pre-test and the post-test (Summative Assessment). | |Pre-Test: Majority of the understudies effectively finished the pre-test assignments (13 out of 16). | |Post Test: 2 understudies (out of the three who couldn't finish the pre-test) scored 2 out of 5 in the class task; 1 understudy got 3 out of 5; 4 scored 4 out| |of 5; and 9 understudies got everything right. |Describe an elective methodology for this exercise | |For the three understudies who neglected to meet the objective, ‘refresher’ exercises in increase ideas may be required. This may include a closer coordinated | |sessions with the failing to meet expectations understudies | |Describe a proper exercise to follow this exercise. | |Regrouping during duplication of numbers with decimals | DO NOT ASSIGN HOMEWORK except if the understudies exhibit authority. The guardians are significant in the lives of their youngsters, yet YOU are the educator.

Rudyard Kiplings Poetry Analysis Essay Example

American Imperialism in Kipling’s Poem â€Å"The White Man’s Burden† American Imperialism in Kiplings Poem The White Mans Burden After the United States won its independence, it started a long way of maturing from a former colony to a powerful country with its own imperial ambitions. The American-Spanish War was a sign that the US was becoming an imperial player on the global arena, and by World War II and onwards, this status became more evident and recognized. Kiplings poem The White Mans Burden, even though believed to be controversial in terms of contemporary views of race and culture, is undoubtedly a remarkable historical evidence of imperial outlook, which claims that bringing its own civilization to other, less civilized nations is an honorable duty and mission that developed cultures of white people have.

Irish Health and Safety Law - 1327 Words

Before 1989 Ireland had very little laws in place for the safety and health of the people at work. Any law that was in place for this was in place for factory and mine workers only. In 1989 a new act was implemented by the Irish Government to cover all people performing any type of work, this was called The Health, Safety and Welfare at Work Act. This Act was then replaced by a newer edition in 2005. My assignment will outline the laws stated in both acts. In 1989 an Act was brought into Irish legislation called the Health and Safety and Welfare at Work Act. It was created to cover all people who carried out ‘work’. Employers, employees in all places of work and to the self employed. As stated in the 1989 Act a place of work was ‘any,†¦show more content†¦The legislation under this Act states that every employer must, as soon as possible, prepare a statement in writing which is known as a safety statement. In this statement the employer must describe the way in which the safety, health and welfare in the workplace shall be secured. The safety statement should include how the employer intends to comply with the 2005 Act. It should contain a summary of the safety and health goals and objectives in the workplace, a list of responsibilities and the means of achieving the aims and objectives (Moffatt, 2006). If the safety inspector finds the safety statement to be inadequate he may order it to be revised. Also, w ith the increasing number of non national workers it may be required to have the safety statement in more than one language. It is a criminal offence not to have a safety statement for the workplace. Employers (including self-employed) are responsible for creating and maintaining a safe and healthy workplace as mentioned in the 1989 Act. Some of the duties the employers must carry out under the 2005 Act are defined by the term â€Å"reasonably practicable†. This statement means that the person has applied all due care when, having identified the hazards and assessed the risks at the workplace, has taken all necessary protective and preventive methods. Under the 2005 Act the duties of an employee include compliance of all the relevant legislation setShow MoreRelatedApple Inc. : Ethics, Leadership, Corporate Social Responsibility And Triple Bottom Line Reporting And Globalization1261 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization. I. Addressing the needs of its employees. Meeting the needs of the employees and maintaining a profit margin. APPLE priorities health to assure a presentable employee who will create a relationship with the customers assuring them a comfortable work environment and addressing their needs. For example, they are offered with health insurances such as health, dental, and optical insurances. APPLE offers a 401k plan that consists of 14 funds offering the best way to save money in a taxable wayRead MoreThe Outside Dynamic Environment Punctuating Public Sector Organisations1142 Words   |  5 Pagesbasis of making a profit and shareholder accountability, it is goal driven, profit motivation and reward orientated. In the public sector â€Å"an action of helping or doing work for someone† is supplying a public need such as transport, communications or health service. It is a service provided to the population with greater public scrutiny and is not profit motivated. Public sector organisations are agents of the state to do the states business and are not in a position to make a profit; they are mandatedRead MoreA Basic Understanding Of Irish Law3020 Words   |  13 PagesTo address this question, a basic understanding of Irish law with all its complexities and contradictions is necessary. 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The HSA provide a number of services to employers, employees and the public, including: †¢ workplace inspections and monitoring for compliance †¢ investigations into serious accidents †¢ providing information service †¢ develop new laws and standardsRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Safety On Organizations And Society989 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding the importance of workplace safety prevention is critical in the study of occupational health and safety. Workplace violence is a term used to describe a situation in which an individual experiences verbal abuse, threatening behaviour, harassment, or physical assault in their place of employment or business-related functions or events (OSH Answers Fact Sheet). This is a common occurrence in many workplaces and has a significant impact on the employees mental state, interfering withRead MoreDetermining the Safety of Different Genetically Modified Food1762 Words   |  7 Pagestrait [2]. Safety of GM foods Determining the safety of different GM foods cannot be generalised as different GM foods contain different genes in which are inserted in different ways. For this reason, the safety of GM foods must be assessed individually. The GM foods in which are currently available on international markets have all been risk assessed for safety and have shown to present little to no risk to human health. Likewise, there have been no reported effects on human health as a resultRead MoreExternal Quality Assurance1097 Words   |  4 Pageseither governmental or industry authorities. A significant amount of external quality assurance is mandated by law, so legal concerns are important to take into consideration. When external bodies are charged with maintaining quality assurance, there can be significant penalties for non-compliance. A restaurant with poor sanitation can be shut down; a transportation company with a poor safety record can face penalties or license revocation. In some cases, the ext ernal quality body is linked to an organisationRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Of America977 Words   |  4 Pagestheir drink orders. The first words articulated out the woman’s mouth are spoken with a deep, thick, Irish accent. I could not help but acknowledge it and after chatting for a few minutes, I come to learn that they had just arrived from the airport and are vacationing in Florida for two weeks. After taking both parents drink orders, I ask their son what he would like to drink. Like the true Irish man he is, he asks me for a Guinness. He looked a little young to be drinking so I asked him for someRead MoreWe Need A Gun License951 Words   |  4 Pageslife. Despite their right to bear arms responsibly, they went against the law to kill someone that was no threat to them. Why are they allowed to do this? (Pause) Unlike the Republican’s, I believe we should run background checks on the people purchasing the firearms. I’m not here to take away your guns, I’m here to help keep the citizens of America safe. I believe that people should get a gun license to insure the safety of everyone. Why should we let an unlicensed person walk around with a gunRead MoreThe Impact of Eu on the Irish Legal System2622 Words   |  11 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 Introduction 1 Section 2 EU LAW – Primary Legislation 2 2.1 Treaty of Rome 2 2.2 The Single European Act 2 2.3 The Maastricht Treaty 3 2.4 The Amsterdam Treaty 3 2.5 The Nice Treaty 3 2.6 The Lisbon Treaty 3 Section 3 EU LAW – Secondary Legislation 3.1 Regulations 4 3.2 Directives 4 3.3 Decisions 5 3.4 Recommendations, Opinions and Resolutions 5 Section 4 Crotty v. An Taoiseach - A Landmark Case. 7 Conclusion 9

Rise and Fall of the Romanov Dynasty free essay sample

The Tsar set up a system of government involving an imperial council, a small cabinet of ministers and a senate; all of which were implemented as personal advisers and delegates. The Tsar had control over who was appointed and dismissed, and no one challenged the power of the governmental system. To ensure the country operated effectively, a bureaucracy, merely consisting of the noble and upper classes put official policies into place. Many believed the bureaucrats were corrupt collecting bribes along with their wages. Practical measures were also needed to be taken in order to enforce Russian autocracy. While the police maintained law and order, the Tsars organised secret police called the Okhrana, for the surveillance of revolutionaries and anarchists while also censoring certain information and activities. The Russian Orthodox Church was a major influence in instigating the tsar’s autocratic powers. As the primary religion of Russia, the church claimed that it was the Tsar’s ‘divine right’ to rule and that his autocratic powers were derived from God. The church taught the Russian people to embrace autocracy and to love and obey the Tsar’s supreme power. The Tsar was described as being a dictatorial emperor and that neither a constitution nor other institutions limited the Tsar’s authority. The sudden outbreak of World War One was a great reflection of Nicholas II and his inefficiency commanding Russia. Before the war even began, hundreds of thousands of people had started to grow restless with the government. Many strikes and public demonstrations began to occur within the Russian borders constantly protesting for better working and living conditions. Many started to revolt and the citizens had their sights set on a change of government. Strong socialist and liberal encounters occurred for the Tsar and when he consistently brought disappoint and humiliation to the nation, much of the state grew sick of the tsarist rule. A major strike movement largely influenced by the humiliating defeat by the Japanese instigated the revolution of 1905. This day on January 9th was given the name ‘bloody Sunday’ as thousands of protestors marched on the Tsar’s palace and were massacred by members of the Russian military. This hint of a revolution resulted in the Tsar introducing an elected legislative assembly called a Duma in the parliament. However, even with a more efficient parliament, the uprisings continued throughout the year and for years to come with growing political discontent sending Russia on the verge of a national crisis. Then war broke out in 1914 saving the government from a large revolutionary movement and the country suddenly became fixated on an external enemy. This war deeply reflected the inadequacy of Russia’s military and economy. Almost a quarter of the army had not been issued with rifles and shortages of ammunitions, food and supplies became an epidemic. After endless defeats on the battlefield, many knew that the Russian army was fighting a 20th century war with 19th century training and inadequate equipment. As a result, the government strained to withstand the economic pressures, with the war costing 5 times the annual budget. Then in 1915, Nicholas II went to the battlefront as commander in chief leaving Alexandra in control of the government back in Russia. The Tsarina frequently took advice from Gregory Rasputin also referred to as the ‘mad monk’, who many believed became so influential, that he in fact was governing Russia. Meanwhile, problems in Russia began to exacerbate with increased prices, economic hardships, a decline in living standards and a growing domestic frustration which provoked more civil unrest. By 1916, dissatisfaction within Russian monarch had reached boiling point. Rasputin was murdered by the Tsar’s own cousins and the majority of the parliament and upper classes ‘were no longer willing to meet expectations of loyalty, respect and patriotism. Even though the Russian Revolution transpired quite suddenly, the foundations of it may have started centuries earlier. Since the 1700s, the ideas of European regime had begun to influence the minds of Russian citizens. Lower classes began to believe in democratic rights and equality, newspapers and books spread concepts about universal rights and many believed in a future with a just ruler and a more cultured society. From the 1800s, the Russian monarchy gradually became weaker and increasingly fragile. After the death of Alexander I in 1825, a group of Decembrists made up of thousands of soldiers seized advantage of a succession issue and demanded reforms plus a written constitution. This displayed a hint of light and prompted many to rethink the government system and their place within the hierarchy. Then after the death of Nicholas I in 1855, Alexander II rose to power and was referred to as the ‘great liberator’ after emancipating the Russian serfs in 1861. While the act earned Alexander public affection and respect, it angered landowners, created an economic crisis and also left the people wanting more. Some revolutionary groups then pursued a constitution, and after the emperor’s assassination in 1881, his successor Alexander III began to crackdown on public opposition and upheaval. The new Tsar was seen as an oppressor who tightened restrictions and enforced new policies that drove thousands out of the country. When Nicholas II rose to power in 1894, he was faced with intense resentment from the people. His ineffective ruling was the tip of the iceberg for most of the country and when the 1905 rebellion began, the emperor was forced to make more changes. The duma was introduced and civil liberties such as freedom of speech, protection and assembly were endorsed. A parliament was created on the basis of election which challenged the Tsar’s autocratic power. There were also growing pressures involving communism and socialism particularly after the split of the Russian Social Democratic Party which created the two major revolutionary groups of the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. Despite both groups in support Marxism, the Bolsheviks with communist ideologies, were growing as the largest political rivals and the most radical revolutionary group in Russia. In addition, when the October manifesto was issued religion became a more flexible issue gaining support from Liberals who were searching for maximum individual freedom. This gave much of the nation a glimpse of a reforming government and a new hope for the future. Once the war started and tensions flared again, Nicholas II may have been the Russian leader; however only a very little population followed him. By 1914, Alexander Kerensky was in fact the parliament’s most illustrious radical who largely objected Russia’s involvement in the war. He was convinced that the country needed a major change and he openly called upon the emperor to step down at the end of 1916. While Kerensky was a great revolutionary leader, Vladimir Lenin was one of the major political figures and mastermind of the 1917 Revolution. Lenin led the Bolsheviks who had taken power in most of Russia and introduced communist rule by the beginning of the revolution. Lenin further went on to become the first head of the new republic of the Soviet Union. It is without doubt that Nicholas II was a major player in the Russian revolution and the fall of the renowned Romanov dynasty. For centuries, Russia believed in autocracy, but it was Nicholas’ objectionable beliefs and actions in maintaining his Tsarist rule, that ultimately lost the support of his people leading to the inevitable revolution. When Nicholas ascended to the throne it was clear he knew little about commanding millions of people. He was known for making poor decisions when it came to politics, the economy and military. Despite this, Nicholas gained confidence and inner power from the belief that his autocracy was a gift from God. Growing up in a Romanov family, came the belief that the Tsar was called to be God’s representative on earth and that it was their ‘divine right’ to rule. For Nicholas to object his autocratic power would mean that he would fail in his duty to Russia and his family, as well as in his duty to God and the church. As well as having unlimited power over the state, Nicholas II had full control over the Orthodox Church and the Okhrana. These two groups were so influential in the 1900’s and would assist the emperor in any controversial or scandalous matter. After Nicholas’ predecessors, in particular Alexander II, the new emperor felt grave pressure in pleasing the Russian people. Despite introducing the duma, the Tsar later has it dissolved because he was not willing to give up his unlimited power. With the country constantly on the brink of civil unrest and revolts, this move reflected Nicholas’ poor decision making and his need for superiority. Many would argue that Nicholas II abused his autocratic authority and failed to keep up with other western powers. Before the revolution, Russia was mainly a large agricultural country, and it wasn’t until the 1900s that the country started to industrialise. Because of the lack of modernism, Russia was unable to survive the war and withstand its repercussions. When people started to focus on the war, the discontent towards Tsarist rule eased down, however it was once again Nicholas’ decisions that angered the Russian public and military even further. As the war was nearing its end, Russian anarchists and revolutionaries had already reached the point of no return. By 1917, hundreds of social activists and the majority of the working class had gone on strike, protesting in the streets. Students, farmers and the majority of the nobility joined in the demonstrations as the outbursts became more frequent. When Nicholas was informed of the seriousness of the events, he commanded General Khabalov to impose any force necessary to contain the violence. When news spread that the Tsar used string military force to restore order, other soldiers, police and members of the parliament joined the rebels with weapons at their sides. Nicholas received a telegram from the Chairman of the duma saying ‘state authority is totally paralysed and utterly unable to reimpose order. ’ With all authority having collapsed, Nicholas II abdicated marking the beginning of a new phase of Russian life. The Bolsheviks then took over the government under the command of Marxist, Vladimir Lenin and the Romanov Dynasty had finally reached its conclusion.

The Determination Of The Presence Of Coliform Bacteria From Selected S

The Determination Of The Presence Of Coliform Bacteria From Selected Sources By Means Of The Most Probable Number (Mpn) Method Abstract Coliform bacteria are good indicator organisms for the presence of pathogenic bacteria due to their realtionship with these pathogenic bacteria, their relative ease of determination by simple methods, and by their occurrence in large quantities in human feces. The MPN method used in this experiment is one of the prescribed techniques for the determination of these coliform bacteria from the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater as prescribed by the EPA. It consists of three stages, each of which necessitates a positive result for the previous stage. The first stage (presumptive test) determines the gas-producing coliform characteristic during lactose-fermentation. The second stage (confirmed test), determines the gram-reaction and also the lactose fermentation abilities of the organism, while the last stage (completed test) determines the endospore presence to determine if the organisms in the sample indeed are coliforms. The number of coliforms or bacteria pre sent is readily seen with the use of a special table and then the statistically estimated numbers are determined. The samples, however, did not produce positive results for the presence of coliforms. Enventhough there was a large MPN value for one of the samples, about 1100 MPN per 100 ml, the sample still tested negative in the last stage. It is therefore suffice to say that the samples did not present any health risks for humans. Future researchers should, however, device or perform other more specific procedures due to the fact that there might have been still coliforms present but these may have been negated by possible endospore-forming relatives. Introduction Human health has always been a hard condition to preserve and the detection and control of pathogens in the environment have been the very key to the success of the human race. Although microbial pathogens are relatively few in comparison to the total number of microorganisms, their detection have been made easy with the use of indicator organisms. Indicator organisms give researchers the benefit of making good assumptions on the presence of pathogens before the pathogens multiply in distressing numbers. For a microbe to be accepted as an indicator organism, it must be present in human feces in large amounts so much so that the presence of these bacteria in a given sample would already point to human fecal contamination. It was reasoned that the largest amount of pathogens was present in human feces, and thus, the indication of the entry of large amounts of human waste, from healthy persons or not, already indicate a great risk (NCSU). Also, indicator organisms must be present wherev er and whenever the pathogen organisms are present. More importantly, these indicator organisms must be easily detectable in samples and tests for the measurement of their numbers must be simple enough (Tortora et al. 1995). Coliform bacteria fit all the requirements and are even safe to handle in the laboratory. Coliform bacteria are gram-negative and non-spore/endospore forming bacteria, which include aerobes and facultative anaerobes, and when incubated at 35?C with lactose in the media, will evolve gas (CO2) within 48 hrs, like Escherichia, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Enterobacter (NCSU). They are also prevalent in the colon and intestinal tract (but not all groups are present) of warm-blooded mammals, including man (Anderson et al. 1998). They are also related to pathogenic bacteria in that a large number of these coliform bacteria usually imply the presence of some pathogenic bacteria (Frank). These characteristics of coliform bacteria already suffice the conditions outlined for these organisms to be classified as indicator organisms. They occur in large amounts in human feces, in fact, humans excrete billions of these coliforms (called fecal coliforms). They are present whenever and wherever the p athogen organisms are present. More importantly, their presence is easily detected as their characteristics are easily tested with the use of simple procedures like gram-staining, endospore-staining and lactose fermentation tests. These principles and procedures now form the basis and the rationale for the methods by which this experiment was conducted. Actually, the use of coliform bacteria as indicators of the presence of pathogenic bacteria is not new already. It as been established since 1880, and because of their reliability as indicator organisms, the

Jesus Christ Came To Earth From Heaven Religion Essay Example

Jesus Christ Came To Earth From Heaven Religion Essay Example Jesus Christ Came To Earth From Heaven Religion Essay Jesus Christ Came To Earth From Heaven Religion Essay More than 1900 old ages ago, on the Judaic province Israel Jewish religious orders in Bethlehem, Jesus Christ came to earth from heaven. This is the beginning of the twelvemonth. The Christianity had non been built until Jesus had non been crucified on the Cross and brought back to life. Soon, Christianity spread from its beginnings as a first century Jewish religious order, to a faith of the whole Hellenic and Roman universe. It spread really fast at the Roman Empire even it was suppressed the persecution at that minute. Around A.C.380, Christianity became the Roman Empire national faith. It expanded throughout the universe bit by bit and became the biggest faith in our universe today. After about 2000 old ages developing, the Christianity has produced some different spiritual subdivisions, the biggest three spiritual religious orders are the Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism. Main Concepts/belief systems Christianity is a faith based upon believes God and nowadayss Jesus for Saviour s universe. The Founder of Christianity is Jesus. Jesus is the boy of God, Jehovah, who was born in Nazareth in Galilee in northern Palestine, the female parent is Maria and his male parent is Joseph. When Jesus grew up, Jesus led Peter, John and other adherents, prophesying the Gospel everyplace. eˆÂ ¶c?cs„a? e?a?e µÃ‚ ·a?† cS?a ¤?e? µ?-?a’?c? ­a?cs„?†¦?i?a »-a »Ã‚ ¬? ¶a? °a?† eˆÂ ¶c?cs„e-?a?’cS?a ¤Ã‚ §i?SSeˆÂ ¶c?e’†°? ­Ã‚ »a?a?† a?a ­-?z ¶a?Saˆ‚ Jesus sermon caused terror in the Judaic Lords and priests. They crucified Jesus on the cross. a?† a?†°a ¤Ã‚ ©a »?a?Zi?eˆÂ ¶c?a ¤? »i?a?e-?a?’a’?c? ¤a?-?cZ °c?ze?i?e ¦? ±Ã¢â‚¬Å¡a »-a »Ã‚ ¬a?†º?a?†ºcs„e?a†º?a† Ã¢â‚¬ ¦a ®?e ®?c ¦?eY?aˆ‚ However, three yearss afte r, Jesus resurrected. He asked his adherents to demo miracles to the people. From so on, Christianity is born. Now, Christianity is the biggest faith in our universe, about 2 billion people believe Jesus, it is about a 3rd of the universe s population. The lone enchiridion for Christians is the Bible. The content in the Bible are the narratives about God s enlightenment. It revaluates the Christian religion and life. It is ageless truth for the Christians. Bible is divided into two parts: New Testament and Old Testament. Old Testament was originally a Judaic Bible. Different from the position of Judaism, Jesus made certain facets of his ain and made an account on them. This became an of import footing for their beliefs. aY?c?â„ ¢cs„?â„ ¢a?†°a?a?’c?a?a? ¤a?a ­ a?sc? ± aˆ‚Christian philosophy can be summed up in one word love. In the eyes of Jesus, love is divided into two facets: love God and love others as yourself. Christianity is a rigorous faith. It merely recognized that Jehovah God is the highest God. God dwelling of three incorporate and distinguishable individuals: Father, Son and the Holy Spirit. Christianity is against polytheism and idol worship. It is besides against the spiritual life of the ruddy tape and grandstanding. There are several basic credos for the Christian as chap. First, Christian believe Decalogue, it described 10 of import things that Christian can non make. Second, Christian accepts the theory of Trinity. This is one of Christianity s basic credos. They believe there is merely one God in the word, but God has three different place criterions. It is Saint Father, Saint Jesus, and Holy Ghost. Third, Christian believes the Original Sin. This theory is the foundation of Christianity moralss and moral. Christian believe homo have sin since birth because their ascendant Adam and Eve have sin. Human can non salvage themselves ; they need Jesus Christ s redeeming. Last, Christian besides believe eternal of life, heaven, snake pit, and Judgement Day. Ritual of Christianity The rite of Christianity is changing from denomination, church and single Christian, but we still can happen some common ritual for most of the Christian. Most of Christian goes to Church on Sunday to idolize the God. The Worship general includes three parts: vocalizing, supplication and a discourse. At place, most of Christian prays before the dinner. They besides read the Bible on a regular basis. Another of import rite of Christianity is Baptism. Almost all Christians have been baptized. The Baptism is ritual that people decides to acquire right with God, portion of the outward mark of accepting Jesus as their Jesus. The intent of Baptism is taking ritual dirtiness, rinsing off of wickedness. Communion besides is another really of import portion of Christianity. In Christianity, the basic significance of the term Communion is an particularly close relationship of Christians, as persons or as a Church, with God and with other Christians. The Baptism and Communion are regard as sacred rites instituted by Christ. The symbol of Christianity Symbols are widely applied in Christianity. Hundreds of Symbols are used in all sorts of Christianity juncture. The well-know symbols are Cross, Ichthys, Peacock, Dove, and so on. Each symbol has its ain narrative and different use. The Cross, for illustration, is the most popular symbol which used in Christianity. We can really easy happen Cross in every Church. Christian believes Jesus was crucified on the cross, so the cross has become the centre of Christianity. Now, beside churches, the Cross can be found on many things like necklaces, key ironss, and rings. Peoples can demo their worship anyplace through the Cross. They besides believe Cross can protect them from the immorality and convey fortune to them. The uses of symbols in Christianity are changing from occasions. In Baptism procedure, for case, different symbols in this procedure have different significance. Water in the Baptism means purify and cleaning. It symbolizes the cleaning of the psyche from wickedness. Seashell is a symbol of administrating Baptism. Dove in Baptism represents the Holy Spirit. There are some interesting symbols related to the Christianity, such as Christmas tree, Easter egg and Halloween Jack O lanterns. They bring felicity to the people particularly to the childs. Who am I? Why am I here? Where am I traveling? Why must we endure? Who am I? Most people have asked this inquiry. There are many replies, such as I am a human being. I am a Canadian. I am a Christian. Before we answer this inquiry, we should see another inquiry Where are we come from? For Atheistic Worldview, human being is a consequence of development. Life s merely an accident, cipher designs and makes it. People serve no intent. But on the position of Christian, they believe God made the human. God proceeded to make the adult male in his image, in God s image he created him ; male and female he created them. GENESIS 1:27. So we understanding human is made by God, the replies for Who am I should be I am a boy of God. God made us and desire us to hold a relation with him. This besides the reply Why I am here? Having a relationship with Jesus and worship to the Lord is the intent of Christian s life. Christian knows the life the beginning, and purpose. Because they believe homo was redeemed by Christ, people s organic structure and the psyche are belonging to God. Regardless unrecorded or die, people need return their glorification to the host. Second, a Christian can non work merely for himself/herself, his/her household or the society. He/she should work for the God, make relationship with God and be joyful with God. Third, people must follow the God the edict. At the terminal, when people go to decease, they will confront the opinion made by the God, to make up ones mind where they should travel, heaven or snake pit. Another interesting inquiry is why people should endure. When we look around the universe, we can see the wars, natural catastrophes anyplace. For illustration, from get downing of this twelvemonth, there are two major temblors happened in Haiti and Chile, it took 100s 1000s of people s life. Countless people suffered in these catastrophes. They lost their household members, friends. They have no nutrient, H2O and medicative drugs. When these things happened, people will reason where the God is. If God is truly exist, why he does non rescue people who suffers on the Earth. The one ground for that is world has been imperfect and iniquitous of all time since the rebellion in the Garden of Eden. Iniquitous worlds tend to fight for laterality, and these consequence in wars and enduring. But the chief ground for the agony is that the whole universe is lying in the power of the wicked 1. ( 1 John 5:19 ) . By governing with Sadan, people have no protection from the God, agony is inevitable. Purpose of decease, View of the end-times Christians lives are guided by the Bible. Peoples will decease because they affected by wickedness ( Genersis 2:17 ; Romanas 5 ) . There is a clip to be born and a clip to decease ( Ecclesiastes 3:2 ) . But decease is non the concluding portion for the life. Christians believe there is life after decease. Death is a procedure for people to do a judgement by Jesus and it is a start point for the life after decease. Christians believe there is heaven and snake pit after decease. Good individual will travel to heaven and bad cat will travel hell, the justice is Jesus. Christian besides believes there is an End Time existed on some yearss in the hereafter. Before the End Time , people will endure from Antichrist, war, hungry, nature catastrophe, and Human Ethics Decadence. When the End Time is coming, everything will be destroyed. Finally, Jesus will come back, justice good and bed, and save people from the agony. This procedure can non be changed and will go on shortly. Factors impacting chosen faith today including tendencies To choose a faith is a really serious thing. Through chosen a faith, people will put their beliefs. A batch of factors will act upon people s pick. I believe the most of import factors for faith pick are the living part. Nowadays, Christianity, Buddhism, Islam are three chief faith in the universe. Christians spread over West states. Buddhism is focus on East Asia. The Muslin is in Middle East and Africa. Pakistan, for case, 97 % people believe Islam. When the kids born, they are Muslin ; they have no more opportunities to take another faith. The other of import fact for spiritual pick is the household spiritual background. The Children will be educated to believe Jesus when he or she born in a Christian household. This will act upon kids s belief when he or she grows up. These sorts of narratives will go on both in Buddhism and Islam household. With development of scientific discipline and engineering, people have more agencies to acquire information. This besides a fact affects people s faith picks. By utilizing of Internet, People can remain at place to seek all sorts of spiritual information online. This will assist people make a determination to take a right faith. By the manner, Internet besides helps people to understand other faith cognition. Let them cognize that each faith may reflect some portion of truth of the existence. High engineering can assist people to unify all faiths together and force the Pluralism goes frontward.

Interface Design Examples Search based on Heuristics 3 Assignment

Interface Design Examples Search based on Heuristics 3 - Assignment Example The image below shows what the iTunes interface looks at the terms that are used are common users. The user has the freedom to choose and move away from the mistake they might have done. There should be navigation buttons like undo that will enable the users to get away from the mistakes that they have done. The figure below shows word processing of Apple. Users should not be left to wonder if some change in the wording of common interface means the use of that interface has changed. The conventions that are used by the platform should remain the same. It should not be changed. The figure in this example shows different words that are used in Gmail. The system should help users in doing away with an error that might occur if a certain action is taken. An example is the Yammer website where the user is to update information on the website. After the user has updated the information, the button on the Update page is disabled so that an error is not made in subsequent updates (Papp 74). The need for users to recall should be minimized as much as possible. The memory of the users should be spared. The users should not remember information from the first part of the process. An example is coding. The user should type ahead when coding and all the information that user needs will pop up. This is common in Quanta IDE (Papp 82). There should be actions that will help in the process of interaction between the user and the system. This should be common for both the novice and the experienced user. The users should be allowed to tailor actions which are frequent. An example is an Apple spreadsheet product. It has shortcuts that help users to get information quickly. There should be good and appealing design of the site. There should not be too much design elements in the site. Dialogue boxes should not have information which is not needed in the suite. The Kontain

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literature review - Essay Example Impediments such as the lack of child-care facilities and stores remaining open only during the usual working hours also exist. Child care can be very expensive, and even for those who can afford it, it is hard to find it. Consequently, it is hard for many mothers to return to work after bearing a child as also for working women to shop. To compound matters, part-time jobs are almost non-existent. Gender and work in Germany: Pre and Post Unification The division of Germany had major repercussions in gender equality, specifically in the matter of division of labor in both paid and unpaid work. In the case of East Germany, it needed and expected men as well as women to be paid workers, while in West Germany, the conservative welfare state typically consigned women to unpaid housewifery and men to breadwinning. Consequently, women of East Germany gained better equality in the labor market than women in West Germany. However, in spite of the East German government’s professed comm itment to eliminate gender inequality altogether, employed women failed to attain full gender equality, particularly with regard to occupational integration, earnings, as well as division of labor at home (Rosenfeld et al, 2001). Institutional change and family formation Institutional control over the course of life and the formation of the family remained high under the highly regulative, pro-natalist and communist government in East Germany. The strong regulative nation was abruptly replaced by the establishment of the democratic West German model after a separation that lasted 28 years. After the downfall of the communist regime in East Germany, there was an intensification of economic pressures all over Germany, and more so in the tumult of changeover in East Germany, rather than in the pre-FRG. East German women reacted to the economic confusion as well as insecurities of the process of transition with de-standardized family formation as also a high incidence of alternative fam ily modes, which was in fact according to their secular familial values. A significant part of the East German story is the strong pattern under the extreme institutional control wielded by the communist system, compared to which the de-standardization after reunification remains in stark contrast (Fasang, 2011). On the contrary West Germany underwent a process of re-standardization of family formation. This comprises of either traditional marriage as also motherhood pattern or an interruption of family formation. This schism is motivated by structural difficulties to merge a career as well as a family, tax concessions for the breadwinner of the family and the never-changing conventional family values in West Germany. In the later stages of re-standardization there is a high incidence of cohabitation, the resultant motherhood out of wedlock, as also divorce. Women’s fertility and employment decisions In either part of Germany, the probability of women bearing a first child is correlated negatively, with employment as well as educational achievement. However, with second and third birth risks, the negative correlation flags. In East Germany, virtually every mother goes back to work 18 months after a birth. However, in West Germany, this ratio is a lot smaller and when the child begins nursery school/school, women enter the labour market yet again in higher ratios. These factors indicate a powerful and strong influence of

The French and Indian war Essay Example for Free

The French and Indian war Essay The French and Indian war which took place from 1754 to 1763 was fought between the French, American Indians and Great Britain. Contrary to what the title might imply the French and Indian war was not a battle fought between the French and Indian but a war fought against the British with the French and American Indians as allies. This war also goes by the name of the Seven Years’ War as it was part of the Seven Year’s war that also took place throughout Europe and Asia (Anderson, F. , 747). The main conflict over the start of the war was an expansion of territory, both New England, under British rule and New France, under French rule, wanted to expand their territory. The outcome of this war was highly important to the forming of the United States as France ceded all of its territory to the east of the Mississippi river including French Canada to the British, left Great Britain in so much debt it raised colonial taxes, and trained future military leaders that the conclusion of the French and Indian War lay the seeds for what would ultimately result in the American Revolution and the formation of the United States of America. This war is considered to be the last major war between, France, Great Britain the Native Americans. Unlike previous wars this siege began on American soil and moved its way into Europe. The Native Americans did fight on both sides but they are primarily considered to have allied with the French. It was during this war that many of the future leaders of the American Revolution, such as George Washington, would fight ironically for Great Britain. As most wars in this time period occurred over the acquisition of land or expansion of territory. Due to Britain’s strong Navy the British were able to colonize much of the Eastern Seaboard as they had superior ability to transport supplies as well as colonists. British claims to North American soil came from royal grants that had no definite boundaries towards the west (Asimov, I. , 174-175). The French additionally wanted to expand their territory and used Robert de LaSalle’s exploration to claim the Mississippi river and its surrounding basin for the French. This also would include what is known as the Ohio River Valley basin (Anderson, F. , 2005, 9-10). Both countries wanted to expand their hold over the land for the natural resources available including fur trading, fertile soil for farming, control of important fishing grounds and other trades that contributed to economic stimulus. The British colonists also feared the French’s influence on religion. British subjects were primarily protestant and the French were Roman Catholic and had many active Missions within North America. A French control of North America would provide a threat to the British colonist’s religious beliefs and like-wise the French feared the British rule as under British law Catholics were still persecuted. (Anderson, F. , 2005, 85) Though fighting in North American finished in 1760 the actual end of the war was not until 1763 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris and the Treaty of Hubertusburg. France lost all of its territory in North American East of the Mississippi river, including Canada, and retained two small islands off of Newfoundland. France regained the two Caribbean Islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe, previously occupied by the British. Spain gained Louisiana as compensation for losing Florida to the British as well as Cuba and Manila. There was also many other territorial shifts throughout Asia as British regained control of India and Sumatra as an example. The outcome of this was the key that set events into motion for the future formation of the United States of America. (Marston. , D. , 84) Great Britain was now in control of the majority of North America. But the war and resulting treaty had left enormous debts as France had traded French Canada for the Caribbean islands. The islands provided a large economic value as they were a large source of sugar and being small islands much easier to defend. Great Britain chose to pay off its debts from tax money collected from the colonies. The end of the French control in North America also influenced the start of the American Revolution as it united the colonists to focus on one enemy, namely the British instead of having to worry about additional conflict. The increase in taxes as well as the withdrawal of French rule in North American would prove fuel for increasing conflicts between the colonies and Great Britain and ultimately result in the American Revolution and the formation of the United States or America. (Anderson, F. , 2005, 242-250) It should also be noted that many of the American Revolutions military leaders participated in the French and Indian War. George Washington commanded troops at the first confrontation of the French and Indian war were he was sent to negotiate boundaries with the French at Fort Duquesne, currently Pittsburgh. A skirmish occurred in which a French officer was killed and added weight for the French to resist (Ellis, J. , 5). Additional Revolutionary war heroes served under the great general Edward Braddock during the French and Indian War,; Brigadier General and Adjutant General Horatio Gates, Captain Daniel Morgan of â€Å"Morgan’s Sharpshooters† rifle company, and Major General Charles Lee of the Continental Army to name but a few (Higginbotham, D). It is possible that without the French and Indian War the United States of America would not be what it is today. The French and Indian war directly resulted in partitioning North America in a way the resulted in what is known as eastern United States over one rule, the British. It resulted in an increase on taxes which is a direct precursor to the American Revolution as increased taxes stemmed various rebellious demonstrations most notably the Boston Tea Party. The French and Indian war removed a potential threat of the French from colonist’s minds, allowing them to completely focus on the British and experience in the army during the French and Indian war produced great revolutionary leaders like George Washington. Without the French and Indian war it is doubtful weather these events would have occurred which would have culminated in the formation of the United States of America. Without the French and Indian War George Washington might have just been a farmer and the United States might not have become independent. Who knows the United States under British rule might have resulted, only stretching to the Mississippi and another country might have formed, perhaps under Spanish rule to the West. Bibliography: Anderson, F., Crucible of War: The Seven Years War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766. New York: Knopf, 2000, page 747 Anderson, F. , The War that Made America, Viking Penguin, 2005, pages 9-10, Asimov. , I. , The Shaping of North America. , Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1973, pages 174-175 Ellis, J. , His Excellency George Washington. New York: Vintage Books, A Division of Random House, Inc. , 2004, page 5 Higginbotham, D. Daniel Morgan: Revolutionary Rifleman. University of North Carolina Press, 1961 Marston, D. The French-Indian War 1754-1763. Osprey Publishing, 2002, page 84

War on Drugs Essay -- Papers Narcotics Drug Society Essays

I. Thesis and Literature Summary In our contemporary society, the media constantly bombards us with horror stories about drugs like crack-cocaine. From them, and probably from no other source, we learn that crack is immediately addictive in every case, we learn that it causes corruption, crazed violence, and almost always leads to death. The government tells us that we are busy fighting a war on drugs and so it gives us various iconic models to despise and detest : we learn to stereotype inner-city minorities as being of drug-infested wastelands and we learn to "witchhunt" drug users within our own communities under the belief that they represent moral sin and pure evil. I believe that these titles and ideals are preposterous and based entirely upon unnecessary and even detrimental ideals promoted by the government to achieve purposes other than those they claim. In Craig Renarman's and Harry Levine's article entitled "The Crack Attack : Politics and Media in America's Latest Drug Scare," the authors attempts to expose and to deal with some of the societal problems that have related from the over-exaggeration of crack-cocaine as an "epidemic problem" in our country. Without detracting attention away from the serious health risks for those few individuals who do use the drug, Renarman and Levine demonstrate how minimally detrimental the current "epidemic" actually is. Early in the article, the authors summarize crack-cocaine's evolutionary history in the U.S. They specifically discuss how the crack-related deaths of two star-athletes fist called wide-spread attention to the problem during the mid-1980's. Since then, the government has reportedly used crack-cocaine as a political scapegoat for many of... ...d substance. Conclusively, we should allow drugs like crack-cocaine receive to their due attention as social problems, but let them receive no more than that !. V. References D'Angelo, Ed. (1994, September). The Moral Culture of Drug Prohibition. Humanist., 54, p. 3. Dorfman, Lori-Wallack, Lawrence. (1993, November). Advertising Health : The Case for Counter-Ads. Public Health Reports., 108, p. 716. Johnson, Bruce-Golub, Andrew et al. (1995, July). Careers in crack, drugs use, drug distribution, and nondrug criminality., Crime & Delinquency, 41, p. 275. Perrine, Daniel. (1994, October 15). The View From Platform Zero : How Holland Handles its Drug Problem. America., 171, p. 9. Renarman, Craig & Levine, Harry G. The Crack Attack : Politics and Media in America's Latest Drug Scare, *From Montclair State Univ. Library

American Mafia

According to Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, The American Mafia especially Five Families has its origins in Italian Cosa Nostra. The American Cosa Nostra underwent many changes at the hands of Black Hand gangs around 1900s, Five Points Gang during 1910s and 1920s in New York City and Al Capone’s Syndicate in 1920s in Chicago. Two factions of organized crime emerged by the end of 1920s leading to Castellamarese war for gaining control over organized crime in New York City. Murder of Joseph Masseria, leader of one of the factions ended the war uniting the two factions.First leader of the American Mafia Salvatore Maranzano established a code of conduct, â€Å"family† divisions and structure. He also established certain procedures to resolve disputes but was murdered within six months. Charles â€Å"Lucky† Luciano took over the reins and set up a â€Å"Commission† consisting of bosses from six or seven families for managing their activities. According to Bind er, Jim Colosimo or â€Å"Big Jim† was considered the most powerful gangster and led a multi-ethnic group, with Italian, Jewish, Irish, Greek and other members. In May 1920 he was probably shot dead by â€Å"Frankie Yale under contract John Torrio.† John Torrio took over and united major local gangs dividing the liquor business in Chicago city to a stable state and profitability. The other major gangs during this period in Chicago were North Siders led by Dion O’Banion, the Guilfoyle gang, the Gennas in Little Italy, the West Side O’Donnells, the Druggan-Lake gang, the Saltis-McErlane gang and the Sheldon gang. Torrio under the guidance of Capone took over brothels in Cicero and managed the largest area covering the South Side and major suburbs occupying the south and west of the city.Problems started when a gang tried to increase its profits by not following the agreement strictly and entered neighboring gang’s territory. Friction between Gennas a nd the O’Banion gang led to the murder of O’Banion in November 1924 starting off prohibition gang wars. The Sheldon gang, the Gennas, the Druggan and Lake, the Guilfoyle and later the Circus Gang were all allies of Torrio-Capone. Chicago Heights joined Capone in 1926 and controlled Joliet and major areas east of Indiana and south of Chicago. Torrio was succeeded by Al Capone in 1925.Gennas under Hymie Weiss surrendered after their leadership was attacked by North Siders and the Gennas rackets such as Unione Siciliana were taken over by Al Capone appointing Tony Lombardo as Unione president. The West Side O’Donnells joined ranks with Capone in 1926 after a short lived gang war. Similarly Sheldon gang too joined Capone after Danny Stanton left the town. Gang wars continued for several years and North Siders lost Hymie Weiss in October 1926, nothing remarkable was noticed until the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre in 1929.Now let us consider organized black gang s during this period run by Italian, Jewish and Irish gangsters operating from Harlem, New York and a few loosely run black gangs concentrated primarily on policy and lottery gambling, prostitution and drugs. Bell stated that over 200,000 blacks returned after World War I to Harlem expecting better pay, better housing and equality. But they realized very soon that whites had not changed and found some of the worst low paying menial jobs such as that of janitors, bootblacks, cooks, houseboys and baggage handlers.They were paid very less compared to a white person doing the same work. The housing situation too was worst; Harlem an overcrowded and segregated community accommodated more than 250,000 citizens in 50 blocks long and 8 blocks wide area with more than 5,000 people staying in one block. The people were compelled to sleep in shifts. Blacks suffered the most with Racism, race riots and labor riots being the order of the day. Things moved from bad to worse with the passage of 18 th Amendment to the constitution banning sale of alcoholic beverages by the Congress on January 20, 1920.Establishments primarily depending on the sale of these products (alcoholic beverages) were compelled to down the shutters across the nation. These developments marked the beginning of the infamous Roaring Twenties – one of the country’s darkest periods when the mob, the crooked politicians and the gangsters ruled. Taking advantage of the fact that consumption of alcohol was a part of American culture and people could not stop drinking due to prohibition, the mob and the crooked entrepreneurs illegally transported the alcoholic beverages from the Canadian border and at times even manufactured beer and liquor.â€Å"The overt exclusion of blacks from the nation's economic, social and political processes only served to foment alternative means toward becoming a part of established idealized factions. † Blacks were suppressed to the maximum possible extent by den ying good jobs, influential political positions, advanced education, nice homes, equal social treatment and benefits. Thus most of the black Americans took to illegal means to compensate for the economic denials.Black crime was independent initially with traditional thievery, gambling, prostitution and robbery, but later two key factors Bolito (the numbers game) and drugs led to evolvement of organized crime. Bets could be placed from any where such as parlors, bars, restaurants, pool halls, barber shops, drugstores and even from their homes, more than 800 runners or bet collectors hurried places to collect and place bets on behalf of customers in 30 policy banks. The policy bankers became the richest and started extending loans and finance to Harlem residents, which the blacks could not expect from whites operated financial institutions.The big time number operators included James Warner, Stephanie St. Clair, Casper Holstein, Wilfred Brandon, Jose Miro, Joseph Ison, Masjoe Ison and Simeon Francis. By 1928 the numbers game became most profitable and the arrests on this count also increased. Profits were reported to the elected representatives through police officials and these corrupt elected politicians had strong links with mob’s syndicate led by white gangsters. â€Å"Corruption ran throughout New York's law enforcement, legal and political systems, including bondsmen, high-ranking police officials, judges, lawyers and politicians.† To protect themselves the night clubs, businesses, bars, pimps, whores, gamblers, bankers and number runners started paying huge kickbacks. Democratic Party boss in Manhattan, James J. Hines had links with mobster and beer baron â€Å"Dutch† Schultz. Schultz and fellow Murder Inc. gangsters â€Å"Lucky† Luciano, Frank Costello, Owney Madden, Bugsy Siegel, Joe Adonis and Meyer Lansky started taking over Harlem’s numbers racket. Short gang wars that erupted due to taking over and syndication led to an estimated 40 murders and 6 kidnappings. By late 1928 a total of 20 policy banks remained out of 40 and most of the bankers retired mysteriously.Dutch Schultz was in total control and called â€Å"King of Harlem Bankers† From the discussion above it is clear that organized crime had flourished in American society basically due to prohibition which was in vogue from 1920 to 1933 and every affluent individual was either directly or indirectly involved in illegal activities such as illicit liquor trafficking, prostitution, maintenance of brothel houses and having ties with mafia bosses. It is now clear that removal of prohibition led to a reduction in one of the evils i. e. , illegal liquor trafficking, but other illegal activities do continue carried out even to this day.References Cosa Nostra. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (2006). Retrieved on September 21, 2006 from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cosa_Nostra John Binder. The Chicago Outfit (2003). Arcadia Publishing. Page nos. 27 to 42. Walter A. Bell. Brief History. Court TV. Crime Library. Criminal Minds and Methods. Black gangs of Harlem (2005). Retrieved on September 21, 2006 from: http://www. crimelibrary. com/gangsters_outlaws/gang/harlem_gangs/index. html Walter A. Bell. The Roaring Twenties. Court TV. Crime Library. Criminal Minds and Methods. Black gangs of Harlem (2005).Retrieved on September 21, 2006 from: http://www. crimelibrary. com/gangsters_outlaws/gang/harlem_gangs/2. html Walter A. Bell. The Numbers Game. Court TV. Crime Library. Criminal Minds and Methods. Black gangs of Harlem (2005). Retrieved on September 21, 2006 from: http://www. crimelibrary. com/gangsters_outlaws/gang/harlem_gangs/3. html Walter A. Bell. The Takeovers and Syndication. Court TV. Crime Library. Criminal Minds and Methods. Black gangs of Harlem (2005). Retrieved on September 21, 2006 from: http://www. crimelibrary. com/gangsters_outlaws/gang/harlem_gangs/6. html

Women s Rights Of Women - 1708 Words

It wasn’t until the early 1960’s when second wave feminism got its start. It focused primarily on mass social change and fought some of the oppression women were and still are facing today. It brought freedom for women in regards to their reproductive rights and sexuality amongst other things. Prior to this cultural shift, the women’s role in society was set. The image of the nuclear household dominated the time, and women were not only expected but in a way forced to become housewives and child bearers. The female Beats came in like a storm, being more interested in sex, drugs, and drinking. Because of sexism, and its undeniable grasp on American society, the male Beats were seen as outcasts, but the female beats suffered even more. The Beats, both males and females, were rebels for themselves. I believe that when they were writing at that time it was more for their own freedom and individual experience then other fellow Americans. Of course, that ended up not being the case, and today, over 60 years later American youth still read their works and feel powerful, inspired, and enlightened. I could write a massive essay of the importance of the female Beat writers as a whole, but today I find it important to focus on one who is still writing, still performing, and still inspiring today; Anne Waldman. Anne Waldman was born April 2, 1945 in a small town in New Jersey. She spent most of her time in New York’s Greenwich Village, a neighborhood known as an artist’s haven. HerShow MoreRelatedWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pagesa myriad of women have expressed through outlets such as public assemblies, literature, and speeches. There have been three waves of the women’s movement, each targeting a variety of issues within each era. The third wave was in 1995, where Hillary Clinton spoke in Beijing, China, claiming that women’s rights were the same as human rights, that every aspiring girl deserved the civil liberties that every man was given around the world. Moreover, the movement had shifted towards women in developingRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1265 Words   |  6 Pagesstands in the way of women being equal to men? Journalist Carlin Flora suggests the following, â€Å"While not all claims to humanity are universal and no one context, culture or continent can truly represent all peoples, the following three examples from very different contexts, cultures and continents show that some violations of women’s human rights are universal. In particular, it is still the case the world over that a woman’s reproductive rights, which impact on her right to life, are still seenRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women881 Words   |  4 PagesTwenty –first century ladies are discovering it a daunting task to keep up both sexual orientation parts as an aftereffect of the women s activist development. They are presently assuming liability for both the supplier and the n urturer, battling like never before to acquire and keep a superior personal satisfaction. Woman s rights has supported in equivalent vocation opportunity, battling to get ladies acknowledged into the employment advertise, and what initially began as ladies strengtheningRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesthe early 1920’s, women thought they had achieved the unachievable. They could finally work, keep their earned wages, marry whomever they please, and even vote. After reaching their goal and fighting vigorously, women could taste equality and the freedom they deserved. While women still have the right to work in today’s society, women are not exactly treated equal in the workplace. Regardless of the past and the extreme measures taken to ensure equal opportunities for both men and women, there are manyRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 1920s, women were ignored in every aspect of their life. From politics, to soc ial situations, women were constantly looked at as lesser. The 20s was a decade of women ready to fight for their rights. From gaining social freedoms, to getting political rights, the 20s was the first decade of feminism. Many women played key roles in the fight for women s rights through speeches, marches, and much more. The women that fought for their rights in the 1920s completely changed how women live their livesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1230 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s suffrage has stretched from the 1800’s to present day, as women have struggled to have the same civil and constitutional rights as men in politics and be appreciated as equals in the workforce. Groups of women known as suffragists questioned the customary views of women’s roles. Eventually our nation has evolved and realized that male-controlled societies suppress women’s rights. From the beginning steps taken in 1850 to 2013 with women earning combat roles in the military , women’s rolesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1206 Words   |  5 Pagesto speak of women and the role of women in this election, the subject of women is tiresome but necessary in a world where gender is still existent as an obstacle for most. I cannot identify what woman is. I am basing my definition from our modern understanding of woman, our general view, and the popular experience. People are using younger women voting for Bernie Sanders as proof of gender’s irrelevant in this election, that women have achieved their rights. Even if women ‘have rights now’ it doesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1393 Words   |  6 Pages Women all over the world are being treated different than men. Iran is one of the places that women are being treated the worst. From restrictions to punishments, women in Iran are being treated with no respect, and that is not okay. Women’s rights activists have tried to get it to change, and have traveled to many places to try and get more people to join their movement. There are many issues with women not having the same rights as men. One of the main problems is that they are treated lessRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1272 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, women have fought a strenuous battle for equal rights. Many men, and even some women, all over the world believe that women do not share the same value and importance to society as men do. On September 5, 1995, Hillary Clinton spoke at the 4th World Conference on Women, on behalf of women all over the world. Clinton raised awareness on how women s rights are being violated and why it is important to recognize women s rights as equal to everyone else’s rights. Even today, in 2016Read MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe family has traditionally been the basic unit of Chinese society where women have long been charged with upholding society s values in their roles as wives and mothers. Especially in the Qing Dynasty, women were required to balance society s i deals with the reality of raising a family and maintaining a household. Throughout the imperial period and into the beginning of the twentieth century, the relationship among family members was prescribed by Confucian teachings. The revered philosopher